• In this unit you will learn about:

• • Holiday Plans

• • Adverbs of Time

• • Expressing the Future

• • Points of the Compass

• • Rivers, Towns and Regions in Romania

Dialogue:

Mihai meets Merve and asks her about her holiday plans.

Mihai: Bună, Merve.Ce mai faci?
Hello, Merve. How are you?
Merve :Bună, Mihai.Mulțumesc, bine.Tu?
Hello, Mihai. I am fine,thank you, . You?
Mihai :Și eu sunt bine, merg spre casă.
I'm fine too, I'm going home.
Mihai: Săptămâna viitoare vom avea vacanța de Paște .Mergeți undeva în excursie?
Next week we will have our Easter holiday. Are you going anywhere on a trip ?
Merve: Da, o să plec cu colegii de la Erasmus spre nord, la Cluj, unde o să stam o noape la un hotel , apoi mergem la Oradea și a doua zi avem să plecăm spre Arad.La întoarcere o să vizităm și Timișoara, am auzit că e un oraș frumos.
Yes, I am going with my Erasmus colleagues to the north, to Cluj where we will stay one night at a hotel, then we will go to Oradea and the next day we will go to Arad. On the way back we want to visit Timisoara, we’ve heard that it's a beautiful city.
Mihai: Așa este.Toate aceste orașe sunt foarte frumoase, de fapt.
That's right. All these cities are very beautiful, in fact.
Merve: Da, sperăm că o să avem și vreme bună.
Yes, we hope we ll have good weather too
Mihai:Ați făcut rezervările la hoteluri?
Have you made any reservations for hotels?
Merve: Da, am rezervat deja camere la hotel în toate aceste orașe.
Yes, We've already booked hotel rooms in all these cities
Mihai: Atunci totul este aranjat.O să vă placă!
Then everything is arranged. You will like it!
Merve: Cu siguranță, abia așteptăm!
Definitely, we can't wait!
Mihai: Drum bun și vacanță minunată!
Have a nice trip and a great holiday!
Merve:Mulțumim mult!Vacanță plăcută și ție!
Thanks a lot and have a nice holiday, too!

Useful phrases

Adverbs of time
Mâine-Tomorrow
Poimâine-The day after tomorrow
Săptămâna viitare-Next week
Luna viitoare-Next month
Anul viitor-Next year

Ce planuri de vacanță ai?- What holiday plans do you have?
O sa vizitezi Timișoara? -Are you going to visit Timișoara?
Uncle o sa iti petreci vacanta? Where are you going to spend your holiday?
O să rnerg la mare in vacanță I m going to the seaside on holiday.
Drum bun! Have a nice trip!
Vacanță plăcută! Have a nice holiday!
Distracție plăcută! Have fun!

Expressing the Future

In the dialogue Merve said O să plec cu colegii de la Erasmus spre nord, la Cluj ,unde o să stam o noapte la un hotel , apoi mergem la Oradea și a doua zi avem să plecăm spre Arad. La întoarcere o să vizităm și Timișoara.
As you can notice there are a number of ways to express future time in Romanian.
One of them is to use those dependent forms of the verb that we used in Unit 5 to express a wish or a need (Cum pot să ajung la Universitate?)preceded by o să.
This form of future is called in Romanian Viitor popular(popular future ) and is the most common, and the most colIoquial one.
The verbs with these future forms in this dialogue are:


A pleca

A sta

A merge

<

A vizita

But as you could see there is also a second colloquial form of the future which is less common, but may be heard in conversation. Once again, it involves the use of să, but in this form să is preceded by the present tense of a avea ('to have'):

Last but not least there is the more formal form of future used by Mihai in the sentence Săptămâna viitoare vom avea vacanța de Paște where the verb a avea will be:

Points of the compass

In the dialogue Merve said: O să plec cu colegii de la Erasmus spre nord, la Cluj. (O să plec cu colegii de la Erasmus în nord, la Cluj)
Here are the most commonly heard phrases involving points of the compass:
nordul the north
sudul the south
estul the east
vestul the west
nord-estul the north-east
sud-vestul the south-west
la nord to the north
în nord in the north
în nordul României in the north of Romania

Romania: A geography lesson

Romania is situated in the south-east of Europe and has an area of about 238,000 square kilometres. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate, and a population of around 19 million inhabitants . The River Danube runs through Romania and The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu Peak. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, and other large towns include Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova and Brașov.
The majority of Romania's population are Romanian ,Eastern Orthodox Christians, speaking Romanian, a Romance language. The Romanian Orthodox Church is the largest traditional church of the country.
(România este situată în sud-estul Europei și are o suprafață de aproximativ 238.000 de kilometri pătrați. . Se învecinează cu Bulgaria la sud, Ucraina la nord, Ungaria la vest, Serbia la sud-vest, Moldova la est și Marea Neagră la sud-est. Are o climă predominant temperat-continentală și o populație de aproximativ 19 milioane de locuitori. Râul Dunărea străbate România, iar Munții Carpați, care traversează România de la nord la sud-vest, includ Vârful Moldoveanu. Capitala și cel mai mare oraș al său este București, iar alte orașe mari includ Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova și Brașov.)

Rivers, Towns and Regions in Romania

A. Rivers
Dunărea the Danube
Mureşul the Mureş
Jiul the Jiu
Oltul-the Olt
Bega-the Bega
Someș-the Someș
Dâmbovița-the Dâmbovița
Siret-the Siret

B. Towns

Braşov Braşov
Bucureşti Bucharest
Cluj-Napoca
Sibiu
Sighișoara
Timișoara
Iași
Constanța
Oradea
Târgu-Mureș
Târgu-Jiu
Alba-Iulia
Suceava
Arad
Craiova



C.Regions

Practice

I.Put the following sentences in the future, using appropriate adverbs of time:
1 .Merg la școală.
2. Am două seminare după-amiaza.
3. Plecăm în vacanţă la mare.
4. Mircea merge la Constanţa.
5. Ioana şi Monica vizitează mănăstirea Lainici.
6. Plec la munte.
7 Stăm la hotelul Anna din Târgu-Jiu

II.Use all the forms of the future (formal and colloquial) in the previous exercise.

III.Answer the following questions using the information in the
brackets:

1 Unde este Maramureşul?
2 Unde este Bucureştiul?
3 Unde este Timişoara?
4 Unde este Iaşi?
5.Unde este orașul Târgu-Jiu?
6.Unde este Constanța?
7.Unde este Clujul?
8.Unde este Oradea?
9.Unde este Transilvania?
10.Unde este Moldova?

IV.Make up 10 sentences of your own using the future forms of the verbs in this unit.

A Glimpse of Romanian Culture:

The Arts and Humanities Encouragement of the arts. Artists were compelled to join unions under communism, which funded them but restricted their creations. Today, artists receive less government funding but have more creative freedom. Literature. The origins of the national literature can be seen in the earliest ballads and folktales. Between the fifteenth and the nineteenth centuries, the ballad style gained the most popularity. It frequently featured pastoral tales performed to the accompaniment of a lute or zither. The Dracula folktale, which was popularized by foreign authors, is the most well-known.
A notable nineteenth-century writer was Ion Creangă who used traditional storytelling techniques in fiction and memoirs. A growing number of modern authors are noted for combining politics, history, and literature. Mihai Eminescu, a Moldavian considered to be the national poet, was honored in the late nineteenth century.
Romanian authors have significantly influenced literature abroad. One of the fathers of the Dadaist movement was Tristan Tzara, who emigrated to France during World War I. The Rhinoceros and The Bald Soprano are two well-known absurdist plays written by another expatriate who resided in France and wrote in French, Eugene Ionesco (1912-1994).

Graphic Arts. Woven wool carpets, ceramics, and wood carving are examples of traditional art forms. More folk art is preserved in Maramureș' northwest region than anyplace else in Romania. Exquisite decorations are carved onto the doorways, gates, and windows. Traditional clothes are sometimes adorned with intricate embroidery and a sprinkling of tiny glass beads.
Following their studies in Western Europe, a number of painters found success in their respective fields in the nineteenth century, notably the portraitist Theodor Aman and Nicolae Grigorescu, who is best known for his portraits of rural life and landscapes. In the years following World War II, social realism was in vogue because the communist regime required artists to create works that exalted businesspeople and politicians.
Constantin Brancusi (1876–1957), a sculptor who lived in France, was the most famous Romanian contemporary artist. He created abstract depictions of humans and environment out of wood and metal. He was commissioned to construct several sculptures for display at Tirgu-Jiu, his birth village, late in his career. There is a public park with his sculptures The Gate of the Kiss and Table of Silence.

Performance arts: Romanian traditional music, such as the doina of the northwest, is frequently sad. Nai (panpipes), tembal (dulcimer), bacium (long wooden wind instrument), gorduna (little double bass), and violins are all common instruments. Many Roma folk musicians perform.
The hora, a circle dance performed during celebratory events, is the national dance. Dances in pairs and groups are performed differently in different regions. Several Romanians have made significant contributions to classical music, notably pianist and conductor Dinu Lipatt and violinist and composer Georges Enesco, whose work was influenced by traditional folk tunes. Drama groups in Bucharest and other locations present ancient Romanian works as well as modern works by national and international playwrights.
Bucharest became one of the centers of Eastern European filmmaking in the early twentieth century. Ion Popescu-Gopo won an award for an animated allegorical picture called Brief History at the Cannes Film Festival in 1957. Romanian filmmakers responded to the oppressive political climate of the 1970s with "iceberg movies," which cloaked social and political implications in seemingly innocent storylines.


(https://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Romania.html)

Bibliography:

Balas, Egon. Will to Freedom: A Perilous Journey through Fascism and Communism, 2000.

Bran, Mirel. "Romania: Computer-Generated Freedom." UNESCO Sources, February 2000.

Davies, Alan I. "The Secret of Fast Food in Romania." Contemporary Review, October 1, 1998.

"An Ex-President, the 'Less Bad' of Two Candidates, Wins Romania." Philadelphia Inquirer, December 11, 2000.

Lewy, Guenter. "The Travail of the Gypsies." National Interest, Fall 1999.

Michelson, Paul E., Romanian Politics 1859–1871: From Prince Cuza to Prince Carol, 1998.

Moldoveanu Pologea, Mona,Learn Romanian Manual,Rolang Publishing House,2014

Pop, Ioan Aurel, Romanians and Romania: A Brief History, 1999.

Rodina, Mihaela, "Bucharest Blues." UNESCO Sources, March 1997.

Roper, Steven D., Romania: The Unfinished Revolution, 2000.

Shen, Raphael, Restructuring of Romania's Economy: A Paradigm of Flexibility and Adaptability, 1997.

"The Tortoise and the Hare." The Economist, August 7, 1999.


https://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Romania.html